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Sensors
01
Defenition
what is a sensor?
Encyclopedia
- Sensors
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Table of Contents
02
Parameters
40 important parameters of sensor
∴ View the full article of each parameter by clicking on its title ∴
Sensitivity: This refers to the change in output signal for a given change in input signal.
Range: This is the minimum and maximum values that a sensor can measure.
Accuracy: This refers to how close the sensor reading is to the true value.
Precision: This is the level of repeatability in the sensor's measurements.
Resolution: This refers to the smallest change in input signal that the sensor can detect.
Drift: This refers to the gradual change in sensor output over time.
Hysteresis: This is the difference in sensor output for the same input signal, depending on whether the input signal is increasing or decreasing.
Response time: This is the amount of time it takes for the sensor to respond to a change in input signal.
Noise: This is the random variation in the sensor output signal that is not related to the input signal.
Offset:This is the degree to which the sensor output changes in proportion to the input signal.
Operating temperature range: This refers to the range of temperatures within which the sensor can operate correctly.
Humidity range: This is the range of humidity levels within which the sensor can operate correctly.
Pressure range: This is the range of pressures that the sensor can measure accurately.
Power consumption: This is the amount of power that the sensor requires to operate.
Physical characteristics: This refers to the size and weight of the sensor itself.
Calibration: This refers to the process of adjusting the sensor to ensure its accuracy.
Environmental protection: This refers to the level of protection that the sensor has against dust, water, and other environmental factors.
Interference: This refers to the degree to which the sensor is affected by other sources of electromagnetic or radio frequency interference.
Output signal: This refers to the type of signal that the sensor outputs, such as analog or digital.
Transfer function: This is the mathematical relationship between the input signal and the output signal of the sensor, typically expressed as an equation.
Full-scale input and output: This refers to the maximum input and output values of the sensor. It is important to know these values in order to properly calibrate and interpret the sensor's readings.
Saturation: This refers to the point at which the sensor can no longer accurately measure the input signal, often resulting in a maximum or minimum output signal. It is important to understand the saturation limits of the sensor to avoid errors and ensure accuracy in measurements.
Repeatability: This is the ability of the sensor to provide the same output signal for the same input signal over multiple measurements.
Stability: This refers to the ability of the sensor to maintain its performance over time.
Cross-sensitivity: This is the degree to which the sensor output is affected by other environmental factors, such as temperature or humidity.
Reliability: This is the difference between the actual output signal and the expected output signal at zero input.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR): This is the ratio of the desired signal to the noise in the output signal.
Sensing element: This refers to the physical component of the sensor that is responsible for converting the input signal into an output signal.
Response curve: This is the graph that shows the relationship between the input signal and the output signal of the sensor. It can be used to determine the sensitivity, linearity, and saturation limits of the sensor.
Selectivity: This refers to the ability of the sensor to distinguish between the target substance and other substances that may be present in the environment.
Sensing range: The sensing range of a sensor is a region where every event that takes place in this region can be detected by sensor.
Input impedance: This is the resistance of the sensor to the flow of current from the input signal.
Output impedance: This is the resistance of the sensor to the flow of current to the output signal.
Bandwidth: This refers to the range of frequencies over which the sensor can accurately detect the input signal.
Stability under varying conditions: This refers to the ability of the sensor to maintain its performance under changing environmental conditions.
Cross-talk: This is the degree to which the sensor output is affected by signals from other sensors or sources.
Operating lifetime: This is the expected lifetime of the sensor under normal operating conditions.
Cost: This refers to the cost of the sensor, which can be an important factor in selecting a sensor for a given application.
Availability: This refers to the availability of the sensor, including lead time, supply chain issues, and the ability to obtain replacements or spare parts.
03
types
What are the different types of Sensors?
∴ View the full article of each type of Sensor by clicking on its title ∴
Temperature sensors: These sensors detect and measure the temperature of a physical environment, and are commonly used in HVAC systems, industrial processes, and medical devices.
Pressure sensors: These sensors detect and measure the pressure of a fluid or gas, and are commonly used in automotive, aviation, and medical applications.
Light sensors: These sensors detect and measure the amount of light in an environment, and are commonly used in photography, automotive, and environmental monitoring.
Motion sensors: These sensors detect and measure motion or movement, and are commonly used in security systems, robotics, and gaming.
Proximity sensors: These sensors detect the presence or absence of an object in close proximity, and are commonly used in automotive, robotics, and industrial automation.
Humidity sensors: These sensors detect and measure the amount of moisture in the air or in a substance, and are commonly used in HVAC systems and food storage.
Magnetic sensors: These sensors detect and measure magnetic fields, and are commonly used in navigation, robotics, and industrial automation.
Gas sensors: These sensors detect and measure the presence of various gases, and are commonly used in air quality monitoring, automotive, and industrial safety.
Accelerometers: These sensors measure acceleration or vibration, and are commonly used in automotive, aerospace, and industrial machinery.
Gyroscopes: These sensors measure angular velocity or rotation, and are commonly used in navigation, robotics, and aerospace.
Infrared sensors: These sensors detect and measure infrared radiation, and are commonly used in remote sensing, temperature measurement, and security systems.
Ultrasonic sensors: These sensors use sound waves to detect and measure distance or motion, and are commonly used in automotive, robotics, and industrial automation.
pH sensors: These sensors measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, and are commonly used in water quality monitoring and chemical analysis.
Flow sensors: These sensors measure the flow rate of a fluid, and are commonly used in fuel consumption measurement and fluid control.
Level sensors: These sensors measure the level of a liquid or solid in a container or vessel, and are commonly used in fuel tanks, water tanks, and silos.
Force sensors: These sensors measure the force or pressure applied to an object, and are commonly used in robotics, industrial machinery, and medical devices.
Sound sensors: These sensors detect and measure sound waves, and are commonly used in acoustic testing, noise monitoring, and speech recognition.
Radiation sensors: These sensors detect and measure ionizing radiation, and are commonly used in nuclear power plants, medical imaging, and radiation therapy.
Image sensors: These sensors convert optical images into electrical signals, and are commonly used in digital cameras, surveillance systems, and machine vision.
Hall effect sensors: These sensors detect and measure magnetic fields, and are commonly used in automotive, robotics, and industrial automation.
Electrochemical sensors: These sensors use chemical reactions to detect and measure the presence of various substances, and are commonly used in gas detection and environmental monitoring.
Optical sensors: These sensors use light to detect and measure a physical parameter, such as the presence or absence of an object, the color or intensity of light, or the distance between objects. They are commonly used in optical encoders, barcode readers, and machine vision.
Strain sensors: These sensors measure the amount of strain or deformation in an object, and are commonly used in structural monitoring, materials testing, and load cells.
Tilt sensors: These sensors measure the angle of inclination or tilt of an object, and are commonly used in leveling systems, robotics, and aerospace.
Touch sensors: These sensors detect and measure touch or pressure applied to a surface, and are commonly used in touch screens, keypads, and medical devices.
Vibration sensors: These sensors measure the amplitude, frequency, or acceleration of vibrations, and are commonly used in structural monitoring, machinery diagnostics, and automotive testing.
Moisture sensors: These sensors measure the moisture content of a substance, such as soil or wood, and are commonly used in agriculture, construction, and environmental monitoring.
Weight sensors: These sensors measure the weight or mass of an object, and are commonly used in industrial scales, automotive testing, and medical devices.
Color sensors: These sensors detect and measure color, and are commonly used in color detection, quality control, and machine vision.
Proximity switches: These sensors detect the presence or absence of an object in close proximity, and are commonly used in industrial automation, robotics, and security systems.
These sensors are just a few examples of the many different types of sensors available. The selection of a sensor will depend on the specific requirements of the application, including the physical parameter to be measured, the range of measurement, the accuracy and precision required, and the environmental conditions of the application.
04
Classification
Sensors based on their detection parameters
∴ View the full article of each Sensor by clicking on its title ∴
Sensors can be classified based on the detection parameters they measure. Some examples of sensor types based on detection parameters are:
Physical sensors:
These sensors measure physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, light, motion, and vibration.
Chemical sensors:
These sensors measure chemical parameters such as pH, gas concentration, and specific chemical substances.
Electrical sensors:
These sensors measure electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and resistance.
Magnetic sensors:
These sensors measure magnetic parameters such as magnetic field strength.
Acoustic sensors:
These sensors measure sound parameters such as sound intensity and frequency.
Optical sensors:
These sensors measure light parameters such as wavelength and intensity.
Biological sensors:
These sensors measure biological parameters such as pulse, blood pressure, and blood glucose level.
Some sensors may be able to detect a combination of these parameters. For example, a gas sensor may detect both the concentration of a specific gas and the temperature and humidity of the surrounding environment.
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